Thursday, April 28, 2011

e-Governance

National e-Governance Plan

The National e-Governance Plan of Indian Government seeks to lay the foundation and provide the impetus for long-term growth of e-Governance within the country. The plan seeks to create the right governance and institutional mechanisms, set up the core infrastructure and policies and implement a number of Mission Mode Projects at the center, state and integrated service levels to create a citizen-centric and business-centric environment for governance.

Mission Mode Projects

NeGP comprises of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) encompassing 10 Central MMPs, 10 State MMPs and 7 Integrated MMPs spanning multiple Ministries/ Departments. "Mission Mode" implies that the objective and the scope of the project are clearly defined, that the project has measurable outcomes and service-levels, and the project has well-defined milestones and timelines for implementation.

MMPs are owned and spearheaded by various Line Ministries concerned for Central, State, and Integrated MMPs. The concerned Ministry/ Department is entirely responsible for all decisions related to their MMPs. However, decisions impacting NeGP as a whole are taken in consultation with DIT. Additionally, wherever required by the concerned Ministries/ Departments, DIT provides necessary support for project formulation and development.

Every State has the flexibility of identifying up to 5 additional State-specific MMPs (relevant for economic development within the State). In cases where Central Assistance is required, such inclusions are considered on the advice of the concerned Line Ministries/ Departments.

Central MMPs

Banking
Central Excise & Customs
Income Tax (IT)
Insurance
MCA21
National Citizen Database
Passport
Immigration, Visa and Foreigners Registration& Tracking
Pension
e-Office

State MMPs

Agriculture
Commercial Taxes
e−District
Employment Exchange
Land Records
Municipalities
Gram Panchayats
Police
Road Transport
Treasuries

Integrated MMPs

CSC
e-Biz
e-Courts
e-Procurement
EDI For eTrade
National e-governance Service Delivery Gateway
India Portal

For more details, refer to the link below...

Wednesday, April 20, 2011

NTM and Anti-Dumping

Non Tariff Measures

Non Tariff Measures (NTMs) are all measures other than normal tariffs namely trade related procedures, regulations, standards, licensing systems and even trade defense measures such as anti-dumping duties etc which have the effect of restricting trade between nations. Some of these measures could be justified under the provisions or the exceptions provided under the various multilateral agreements governing international trade. On the other hand, certain non tariff measures which cannot be justified under any of these legal provisions are normally termed as non tariff barriers (NTBs).

With the lowering of tariffs across the globe, NTMs have come into prominence with Members using these measures to erect entry barriers for goods and services. It is therefore, not surprising that the developed countries with relatively lower tariffs are the more prolific users of NTMs / NTBs especially to keep out developing country exports.

The details of some of the major NTMs that are maintained against Indian exports are as under:


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Antidumping – Meaning And Concept


Q. 1. What is anti dumping? What is its purpose in International Trade?

Ans. Dumping is said to occur when the goods are exported by a country to another country at a price lower than its normal value. This is an unfair trade practice which can have a distortive effect on international trade. Anti dumping is a measure to rectify the situation arising out of the dumping of goods and its trade distortive effect. Thus, the purpose of anti dumping duty is to rectify the trade distortive effect of dumping and re-establish fair trade. The use of anti dumping measure as an instrument of fair competition is permitted by the WTO. In fact, anti dumping is an instrument for ensuring fair trade and is not a measure of protection per se for the domestic industry. It provides relief to the domestic industry against the injury caused by dumping.

Q.2. What is the difference between anti dumping duty and Normal Customs duty? Is the anti dumping duty over and above the Normal Customs duty chargeable on the import of an item?

Ans. Although anti dumping duty is levied and collected by the Customs Authorities, it is entirely different from the Customs duties not only in concept and substance, but also in purpose and operation. The following are the main differences between the two: -

Conceptually, anti dumping and the like measures in their essence are linked to the notion of fair trade. The object of these duties is to guard against the situation arising out of unfair trade practices while customs duties are there as a means of raising revenue and for overall development of the economy.

Customs duties fall in the realm of trade and fiscal policies of the Government while anti dumping and anti subsidy measures are there as trade remedial measures.

The object of anti dumping and allied duties is to offset the injurious effect of international price discrimination while customs duties have implications for the government revenue and for overall development of the economy.

Anti dumping duties are not necessarily in the nature of a tax measure inasmuch as the Authority is empowered to suspend these duties in case of an exporter offering a price undertaking. Thus such measures are not always in the form of duties/tax.

Anti dumping and anti subsidy duties are levied against exporter / country inasmuch as they are country specific and exporter specific as against the customs duties which are general and universally applicable to all imports irrespective of the country of origin and the exporter.

Thus, there are basic conceptual and operational differences between the customs duty and the anti dumping duty. The anti dumping duty is levied over and above the normal customs duty chargeable on the import of goods in question.

Q.3. What are the parameters used to assess dumping of goods from a country?

Ans. Dumping means export of goods by one country / territory to the market of another country / territory at a price lower than the normal value. If the export price is lower than the normal value, it constitutes dumping. Thus, there are two fundamental parameters used for determination of dumping, namely, the normal value and the export price. Both these elements have to be compared at the same level of trade, generally at ex-factory level, for assessment of dumping.

Q. 4. What are the parameters of injury to the domestic industry?

Ans. Broadly, injury may be analysed in terms of the volume effect and price effect of the dumped imports. The parameters by which injury to the domestic industry is to be assessed in the anti dumping proceedings are such economic indicators having a bearing upon the state of industry as the magnitude of dumping, and the decline in sales, selling price, profits, market share, production, utilisation of capacity etc.

Q.5 What is the legal framework for Anti Dumping, Anti Subsidy and safeguard measures?

Ans. Sections 9, 9 A, 9 B and 9 C of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 as amended in 1995 and the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995 and Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Countervailing Duty on Subsidised Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995 framed there under form the legal basis for anti-dumping and anti subsidy investigations and for the levy of anti-dumping and countervailing duties. These laws are in consonance with the WTO Agreements on Anti Dumping and Anti Subsidy countervailing measures.

Monday, April 18, 2011

18th April - this day that age...


The story of Modern India's awakening has always fascinated and inspired me - rise in nationwide political consciousness with Surrender not Banerjee's Indian Association to the "Do or Die" slogan of Quit India Movement, from the Regulating Act of 1773 to the Government of India Act 1935, from Raja Rammohan Roy's Sambad Kaumudi to Sachindranath Sanyal's Bandi Jeevan: all speak volumes of how India suffered but gradually broke the shackles of social, cultural, economic and political bondage, thus, relieving the "White men" of their "burden". Achieving the end was not easy - it came after 200 long years of economic deprivation, poverty, illiteracy, constitutional agitation and bloodshed.

There are certain episodes in these 200 years which I wish, I could be a part of. One of them is the Chittagong Armoury Raid which took place on the 18th of April, 1930 and the second is the Young Bengal Movement of 1830's, started by Henry Vivian Derozio, who co-incidentally was also born on 18th April, 1808. The following section is a small compilation of what these two events were about.

Chittagong Armoury Raid  à

This was a daring revolutionary endeavour led by Masterda Surya Sen. Aware of the limited equipment and other resources of the freedom fighters, he was convinced of the need for secret Guerrilla warfare against the colonial government. His plan was to capture Chittagong’s two main armouries and take down the communications and railway lines. The plan also included assassinating the members of the European Club – military and government officials who were responsible for siding with the British to maintain the Raj.

Masterda Surya Sen
All Six original leaders of the Chittagong Uprising - Surjya Sen, Nirmal Chandra Sen, Lokenath Bal, Ambika Chakrabarti, Ananta Singh and Ganesh Ghosh, were participants in the Congress-led Civil Disobedience movement launched in 1919.They were bitterly disappointed by Gandhi's decision to call off the movement in 1922 in the wake of the Chauri Chaura incident.

The raid would have given them sufficient arms, ammunitions and they thought that would be the prelude to a great uprising. They built up an 'army' amongst teenage recruits who were given physical training in physical training clubs and secret training in arms under cover.

At around 10 pm, around 100 young patriots clad in khaki, marched in military order in several groups in chorus. One of their batches raided the telephone exchanges and Telegraph offices and cut off all communications between Calcutta and Dacca. The second severed rail connections at Nangalkot and Dham, which caused derailment of good trains and blockading of all railway traffic. The third headed the club but failing to find any officials there, they joined the main group. At the same time, leaflets were distributed all over the town explaining the objective of the raid. These were signed by Surya Sen as the President of the "Indian Republican Army, Chittagong branch". The revolutionaries seized gigantic amount of arms and were able to throw back the Government forces.

After the British received reinforcements on the 20th April and heavy casualties on both sides, the revolutionaries dispersed and continued the guerrilla fight from different locations. The raid shook the English pride of invincibility and in return, they undertook repressive measures and unleashed havoc on the natives. They booked a criminal case called the “Chittagong Armoury Raid Case” and launched a prosecution against 32 revolutionaries for “waging war against the King Emperor”. Some were sentenced and deported to Andaman’s, some were acquitted, few escaped and carried on their attacks.

Kalpana Datta
After 3 long years, Surya Sen was arrested in February 1933 and was hanged on January 12, 1934.

The Chittagong Armoury raid also saw the active participation of women like Kalpana Datta and Pritilata Waddedar. After her release in 1939, Kalpana graduated from Calcutta University in 1940 and became a part of the Communist Party of India. In 1946, she contested for the Bengal Legislative Assembly as a communist candidate from Chittagong but lost. Kalpana Datta died in Calcutta on February 8, 1995.
 
In 1943, Kalpana Datta married Purab Chand Joshi, and had two sons: Suraj and Chand. Chand Joshi was a famous journalist who worked for Hindustan Times. He wrote a book called Bhindranwale: Myth and Reality (1985).  Chand’s wife Manini (nee Chatterjee) wrote a book on the Chittagong Armory Raid: Do and Die, which is the base for Ashutosh Gowariker’s movie Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Se.

Henry Vivian Derozio and Young Bengal à

To India, My Native Land:

My country in thy days of glory past
A beauteous halo circled round thy brow,
And worshipped as a deity thou wast –
Where is thy glory, where that reverence now?
The eagle pinion is chained down at last
And groveling in the lowly dust art thou,
Thy ministrel hath no wreath to wear for thee,
Save the sad story of thy misery

- Henry Vivian Derozio

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
‘Rammohan Roy was the brightest star in the Indian sky during the first half of the 19th century, but he was not a lone star. Another bright star in the intellectual movement of India was Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, an Anglo-Indian who was born on April 18, 1808. He had deep faith in the French Revolution and English radicalism to which one may add free thinking.

Appointed in 1826 as a teacher of English literature and History in Hindu College, Derozio attracted young students by his wide-ranging knowledge and liberal outlook. Students of Derozio began to question orthodox Hinduisim. In 1828 Derozio founded the Academic Association which organized debates on various topics. Attacking Hindu religion and society, the Young men of the Academy protested vehemently against orthodoxy. Hundreds of students withdrew from the Hindu College. Derozio was dismissed from service on April 25, 1831 on charges of propagating revolutionary ideas against Hinduism.

Dakshinaranjan Mukherjee was 
one of the leaders of the 
Young Bengal group 
He had donated land 
for the Bethune School 
and assisted David Hare 
in his social works
Derozio died in December 1831, but his spirit remained by inspire young generation. The students of Derozio collectively known as Young Bengal took keen interest in social reforms and educational activities. The Derozians advocated the emancipation of women in all its facets: the need for education, the evils of child-marriage and Kulin polygamy and the ban on widow-remariage. The Young Bengal founded a circulating library, a Society for the Acquisition of General Knowledge (1838) and a short-lived Mechanical Institute (1839).

Quite a few journals – Parthenon, Hesperus, Jnananveshan, Enquirer and the Bengal Spectator – were run by the Derozians between 1828 and 1843. The Derozians were connected with the efforts for the introduction of Western medical education in the country which ultimately led to the foundation of the Medical College in 1835. The Derozians were delighted when the Calcutta Public Library was founded. They continued the movement started by Rammohun for the freedom of the press. Rammohun did not live to see its success but the Derozians achieved a major triumph when Lord Metcalfe restored the freedom of the press in 1835.

With the passage of time the Young Bengal Movement underwent a process of transformation. The earlier phase of its aggressiveness was replaced by a more sober attitude. The Charter Act of 1833 opened new avenues of employment to Indians and many brilliant Derozians got appointment as Deputy Collectors and Munsiffs. But the real failure of the Derozians was that their ideas failed at pass beyond the pales of theory. Their outright condemnation of Hindu religion and society and their lack of understanding isolated them from the people in general.


References:


Modern India - by S.N Sen

http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1705/17050790.htm
http://www.indianetzone.com/31/chittagong_armoury_raid_case_indian_freedom_movement.htm


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Indira Mukherjee thought of writing this today morning after she realised that it is the 18th of April. This day is truly a very significant one - in fact, Dr. Albert Einstein also passed away on 18th April, 1955..

Thursday, April 14, 2011

Hazaro Crusade Aisi......???


Editor’s Comments:

While chatting with Abhilash Mahapatra a couple of days back in gtalk, I came to know that he had visited Jantar Mantar (which could have been India’s Tahrir) and had a direct experience of the anti-corruption Crusade. I urged him to pen down his feelings which you will find below (albeit a bit edited).  You can argue with him if you feel that he has expressed himself in a cynical manner.

However, the point that Indian Policy finds noteworthy is:

Bhushan and sons can always be in the same committee. That’s not the issue since they have strong legal backgrounds. But arguing in the same trajectory, why not Kiran Bedi? She has loads of experience in governance, government and legal aspects. Moreover, she holds a doctoral degree in Law. Well, Hazare and Kejriwal have no legal backgrounds! 

Please enlighten us on this.

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Hazare’s Crusade: First hand Reflections from Jantar Mantar

Modern Democracy as the form of governance and government took birth with Abraham Lincoln and timely updated itself with French revolution and peoples’ revolution world over. The year 2011 has become a breakwater and has added a fresh perspective to democratic form of governance.

Inspired from the historical events, democracy has found new medium of people support like twitter, face book and other social networking sites to propagate its ideas. First it was Tunisia then Egypt, then Libya and recently India. Theoretically democratic governance has no definite boundaries or guidelines to act as restriction till the time peoples’ interests are given priority.

Difficulty arises while practically implementing the democratic setup to upkeep the larger interest of majority. The loopholes are drafted simultaneously while implementing democratic theories. The major outcome of the loopholes can be termed as Corruption. While it has many aspects to it but at the end it is a cancer which victimises the healthiest of democracies.

6th April 2011 was no ordinary evening in Indian democracy. The epicentre was at the historical monument of Jantar Mantar at Delhi and the shock waves reached the hearts of every Mobile subscriber and television viewer of India. After Loknayak JPs call in the mid-1970s, this was a major peaceful demonstration (or protest) against the government in post-independent India. In the lead was a gandhian, Mr Anna Hazare with enormous support from The Civil Society of India.

Essentially, the movement can be dated on 5th April 2011, with a Fast –unto death protest for participation of civil society in the drafting committee of Lokpal Bill. It coincided with Hindu festival of Navratra, when majority of believers keep fast till Navami. Well, it can be said; civil society planned the mass fasting on the smartest dates.

Lokpal bill, considered the most controversial bill for every ruling government party and a prospective issue for opposition since its inception in early 1970s.The scene at Jantar Mantar had its political, social, economic and satirical connotation. It was seen as –if you don’t support the protest then you are corrupt - so it became a necessity for all to support it. After all who wants to be tagged as corrupt; it is rather easy to blame the system and move on.

People of all age group: professionals, students, actors, activists, politician and page 3ites, every one turned out in numbers. Partying the last weekend with Cricket World cup win had not yet steamed out of the minds of people. The ground reality was majority of them discussed the world cup victory under the real demand of Lokpal bill. Tons of wax was melted in the name of protest which diminished the effect of Mar 26 “Earth hour”. I also encountered people who were tourists on Delhi darshan trip in the protest group. Shouting “HAAN” (YES) whenever it was announced – Do you want corruption free India?. This was termed the voice of democracy.

Both print media and television media had their camera angles pre-set and large convoy of media vans were aligned on the spot. Lakhs of stories were made in a day. As it happens most of them were unaware of the theme- The Lokpal bill- but street plays and speeches on corruption were at its best. People thronged to see the famous personalities while lakhs of pamphlets were distributed simultaneously to all passer-bys.

The success of the event was the amount of sensationalism and highlight given by media. Post-26/11 terror attack, this was the first time when every media channel made it a point to be give every detail of its occurrence.

Lokpal bill demands for a separate commission to look over government administrative dealings which wants to have eye over every person that forms the government. In all creating a supreme vigilance branch. The CVC, CAG, Judiciary, Ombudsman are some of the present check gates to look over governmental functioning. They are seen as corrupt and are bound by political will at the end. A new lokpal commission expects to be an authority over all.

My visit to the venue was an experience of vibrant democracy in action. The hope of corruption free India was visible in every soul including the stray dogs that were upset as their favourite hideout was invaded by democratic voices. I could imagine now what kind of support Gandhi had in his non-violent movements as the only visible proof was the photos of mass rallies which I had seen in my NCERT books.

An old man in white leading a huge rally of protesters. Similarly I imagined future text books would surely have a picture “an old man is lying on the bed and huge mass gathering around it all in the background of Jantar Mantar of Delhi. I would not shy to conclude that Jantar Mantar now could be better understood as JAN (People), TAR (Devoted) creating a MANTAR (Magic).

At the end, the old man’s demands were met by the government of the day. All now remains are a strong democratic will and awareness of new literate generation.

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Who had thought that the Jantar Mantar of Muhamammd Shah and Jai Singh II [ which recently made its entry in the UNESCO World heritage List ], would get associated with the crusade against corruption in 21st Century India. Abhilash Mohapatra uses his "mighty sword" to express the same...

Thursday, April 7, 2011

Lokpal Bill

----------What is the Lokpal Bill ?----------


The Jan Lokpal Bill (Citizen's ombudsman Bill) is a draft anti-corruption bill drawn up by prominent civil society activists seeking the appointment of a Jan Lokpal, an independent body  that would investigate corruption cases, complete the investigation within a year and envisages trial in the case getting over in the next one year.

Drafted by Justice Santosh Hegde (former Supreme Court Judge and present Lokayukta of Karnataka), Prashant Bhushan (Supreme Court Lawyer) and Arvind Kejriwal (RTI activist), the draft Bill envisages a system where a corrupt person found guilty would go to jail within two years of the complaint being made and his ill-gotten wealth being confiscated. It also seeks power to the Jan Lokpal to prosecute politicians and bureaucrats without government permission.

Retired IPS officer Kiran Bedi and other known people like Swami Agnivesh, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, Anna Hazare and Mallika Sarabhai are also part of the movement, called India Against Corruption. Its website describes the movement as "an expression of collective anger of people of India against corruption. We have all come together to force/request/persuade/pressurize the Government to enact the Jan Lokpal Bill. We feel that if this Bill were enacted it would create an effective deterrence against corruption."

Anna Hazare, anti-corruption crusader, began a fast-unto-death today, demanding that this bill, drafted by the civil society, be adopted. The website of the India Against Corruption movement calls the Lokpal Bill of the government an "eyewash" and has on it a critique of that government Bill. It also lists the difference between the Bills drafted by the government and civil society.

A look at the salient features of Jan Lokpal Bill:

1. An institution called LOKPAL at the centre and LOKAYUKTA in each state will be set up.

2. Like Supreme Court and Election Commission, they will be completely independent of the governments. No minister or bureaucrat will be able to influence their investigations.

3. Cases against corrupt people will not linger on for years anymore: Investigations in any case will have to be completed in one year. Trial should be completed in next one year so that the corrupt politician, officer or judge is sent to jail within two years.

4. The loss that a corrupt person caused to the government will be recovered at the time of conviction.

5. How will it help a common citizen: If any work of any citizen is not done in prescribed time in any government office, Lokpal will impose financial penalty on guilty officers, which will be given as compensation to the complainant.

6. So, you could approach Lokpal if your ration card or passport or voter card is not being made or if police is not registering your case or any other work is not being done in prescribed time. Lokpal will have to get it done in a month's time. You could also report any case of corruption to Lokpal like ration being siphoned off, poor quality roads been constructed or panchayat funds being siphoned off. Lokpal will have to complete its investigations in a year, trial will be over in next one year and the guilty will go to jail within two years.

7. But won't the government appoint corrupt and weak people as Lokpal members? That won't be possible because its members will be selected by judges, citizens and constitutional authorities and not by politicians, through a completely transparent and participatory process.

8. What if some officer in Lokpal becomes corrupt? The entire functioning of Lokpal/ Lokayukta will be completely transparent. Any complaint against any officer of Lokpal shall be investigated and the officer dismissed within two months.

9. What will happen to existing anti-corruption agencies? CVC, departmental vigilance and anti-corruption branch of CBI will be merged into Lokpal. Lokpal will have complete powers and machinery to independently investigate and prosecute any officer, judge or politician.

10. It will be the duty of the Lokpal to provide protection to those who are being victimized for raising their voice against corruption.

----------History----------


For 42 years, governments have tried to put in place the law.

The bill was for the first time presented during the fourth Lok Sabha in 1968, and was passed there in 1969. However, the Lok Sabha was dissolved , resulting in the first death of the bill.

It was revived in 1971, 1977, 1985, 1989, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2005 and 2008.
In September 2004, prime minister Manmohan Singh said the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government would lose no time in enacting the bill. But strong lobbies blocked it.

----------By Rajinder Sachar----------

Friday, April 1, 2011

THE WORLD TODAY: An Indian Perspective


The British Royal Air force must have added new statistics to the performance of their new Jets by the time the article is over. The American forces must be getting ready to use their latest war machinery in the new battle field. The Libyan territory or The” Gaddaffi  Zone”. This new war-zone formed as a consequence of NATO treaty. This action of allied forces of bombing Libya is the most condemnable action of the present decade. It overrides the now fake promises of better world by the Obama’s, Cameroons or Ban-Ki-moon.

It is rightly said that public memory is very short-term as hardly less than a decade has passed off the now termed disastrous action of US, the Afghan war or the Iraq war, which was discussed in every political, social, economical circle as a drain of public wealth in the name of security. That even put the American economy to undergo a cycle of economic recession in the long run. Nothing has been learned from the past as it seems America still follows its old rule of war as the best option of revival of economy since the 1928 recession. The WW-II, The Vietnamese action, The Afghan action, the gulf war, the WMD war and The Iraqi War and the latest Libyan war. It is to be observed none of the war has ever been fought in US territory .Every time a war has happened US has entered to the market of the region. The Libyan action just repeats the history. UK and France both have been waiting to revive their recession-hit economy. War seems a perfect bail out action. Quoting Gandhian philosophy ”War is a never ending process to reach peace”. The outcome would always be a large death toll.

Human lives are also lost in the natural disasters. Hardly a fortnight has passed when Japan bore the brunt of deadliest natural disaster of all time. The nature in its most damageable force turned the urban center of Japan to rubble. The disaster got magnified with major nuclear reactors getting damaged and radiations being discharged uncontrollably crossing dangerous levels. Such tsunami exposes the helplessness of human towards the action of nature. The unfriendly attitude of human to nature is returned back so fiercely by nature. This creates new debates like disaster preparedness, nuclear technology and its safety, economic reserves for funds, population safety, human settlements etc.  Japan with damages to its nuclear facility has unknowingly harmed its population and nature equally with dangerous levels of nuclear radiations.

The nuclear term reminds of the historical Indo-US nuclear treaty. The Indo-US nuclear deal has again come at the center stage of all debates, all thanks to Wiki leaks, a whistleblower activism organization which claims of authenticate cable and in-turn exposes leaks in the system. The issue might have turned political but has certainly exposed the nervousness of accepting technology as the solution to all, by India. The Indian attitude of claiming every invention of today, to Indians directly or indirectly, or otherwise regarding such invention not worthy of mention has been a run down on “INDIA” image. Such skeptical attitude has projected the Indo-US deal as India’s surrender to US.  The deal acts as only a facilitation treaty for technological exchange, than a binding treaty. Utilizing the facility is completely an Indian wish. If in future India develops an in-house technology to fulfill its growing energy demand then the deal would loose its relevance automatically.

The economic health of India has created new avenues, or else where is it seen worlds richest Gates and Buffet at the same time in the country. Philanthropical actions seems the first step of the US rich to gain Indian confidence. It certainly puts a question that such socially motivated action sees a splurge of foreign funds which is an add on over our budget so somewhere it might as well inflate our economy. With money coming from such non profit organization directly to the pockets of poorest would certainly lead them to spend more and hence inflating the economy. Coming to a conclusion so early would be wrong, best suitable would be to wait and watch or implement existing government programs.

“Give a man a fish; you have fed him for today. Teach a man to fish; and you have fed him for a lifetime”—Author unknown

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The article above is an extremely realistic observation by Abhilash Mohapatra. No wonder "war is a never ending process to reach peace" and this fact will haunt us for centuries to come...